TNF and myeloid sarcoma: Several agents modulate BBB permeability in MS/EAE, including adhesion molecules, ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, interferon-gamma (IFN-Υ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (Abbott et al., 2006; Alvarez et al., 2011; Baeten and Akassoglou, 2011).