Recently, using an in vivo reductionist approach, we have identified miR-29a and miR-15a within the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus as putative targets in Dicer deletion-induced obesity (Murgia et al., submitted) and confirmed the metabolic role of the latter microRNA in mature POMC lineage-derived neurons. The gene discussed is POMC; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.