In particular, our findings concur with those from a Danish cohort study of patients with severe CKD (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2), where the adjusted hazard ratios for incident dialysis, all-cause mortality, and MACE were markedly increased in non-dialysis-dependent patients with anemia (Hb < 12 [women] or < 13 g/dL [men]) versus without anemia, and increased with anemia severity [4]. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).