Corroborating with decreased numbers of DCs, OVA- and AFP-specific T cell responses were also significantly compromised in DEXP&A2&N-treated Batf3−/− compared to wild-type mice (Fig. 2j; Additional file 1: S2e), with no inhibition on tumor growth (Additional file 1: Figure S2f), supporting the conclusion that cross-presenting DCs are primarily responsible for the uptake and cross-presentation of tumor neoantigens. Here, BATF3 is linked to neoplasm.