In recent years, the successful application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in various advanced cancers has attracted widespread attention in the field of immuno-oncology [94]. Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.