Similarly, KSHV latent infection in TIME cells (TIME.BAC16) caused no significant change of polyamine species comparing to un-infected TIME cells (S1B Fig). We did observe the upregulation of ODC1 during KSHV latency, but regulation of intracellular polyamine homeostasis is multifaceted [11]. This evidence concerns the gene ODC1 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.