TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: This may result in prolonged and exaggerated interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells with secretion of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-33 in an uncontrolled manner causing a cytokine storm, ARDS, and multiorgan failure3.