A recent study using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in Mtb-infected rhesus macaques supports an association of Th1 (IFNγ+) and Th17 (IL-17+) cells in lung tissue with latent infection (Shanmugasundaram et al., 2020); in contrast, another study using scRNA-seq reported activated CD4 and CD8 T cells including Th1 and Th17 in the lung tissue of macaques with pulmonary TB (Esaulova et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.