CD4 and pulmonary tuberculosis: A recent study using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in Mtb-infected rhesus macaques supports an association of Th1 (IFNγ+) and Th17 (IL-17+) cells in lung tissue with latent infection (Shanmugasundaram et al., 2020); in contrast, another study using scRNA-seq reported activated CD4 and CD8 T cells including Th1 and Th17 in the lung tissue of macaques with pulmonary TB (Esaulova et al., 2021).