FMT, probiotic supplements, and dietary regiments have all been shown to improve host glucose homeostasis.92,131,132 A series of brilliant studies from Dr. Cani’s lab demonstrated Akkermansia municiphila to be beneficial for alleviating obesity-associated glucose and lipid disruptions in rodents20 and humans.18 The same group later discovered that a membrane protein that activating TLR2 was responsible for the metabolic improvements, and viable bacteria was not needed.19 Thus, Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising postbiotic supplement to improve metabolic disturbances in obesity. Here, TLR2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.