TYMP and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: Of interest, a number of novel management approaches have emerged, including allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation to restore thymidine phosphorylase function in patients with MNGIE [43, 45], and insertion of gastrointestinal electrodes that act as pacemakers to improve nausea and vomiting [42, 49].