PPARD and malignant colon neoplasm: We selected four PPAR-related pathways from MSigDB to investigate the status of PPAR pathway in colon cancer, including the “KEGG PPAR SIGNALING PATHWAY,” “PPAR-alpha target genes,” “PPAR-delta target genes,” and “PPAR-gamma target genes.” The alterations in these pathways were examined in the four microarrays: GSE6988: 53 COAD vs. 28 normal, GSE14297: 18 COAD vs. 7 normal, GSE15781: 22 COAD vs. 20 normal, and GSE44076: 98 COAD vs. 98 normal.