NFKB1 and osteoarthritis: Iezaki et al. [43] found that the expression of ATF3 was significantly upregulated in the osteoarthritis cartilage of both mice and humans, and the knockdown of ATF3 in chondrocytes decreased cytokine-induced IL-6 transcription by inhibiting NF-κB signaling to alleviate the development of osteoarthritis.