Also, we evaluated the correlation between COL1A1, COL3A1, POSTN1, TIMP3 and the cancer associated fibroblasts based on the lung caner bulk data, showing a strong positive correlation in TCGA-LUAD and TCGA-LUSC cohorts (Figure S2, LUAD, COL1A1: r = 0.763, COL3A1: r = 0.825, POSTN: r = 0.743, TIMP3: r = 0.639; LUSC, COL1A1: r = 0.850, COL3A1: r = 0.906, POSTN: r = 0.878, TIMP3: r = 0.719). Here, TIMP3 is linked to cancer.