CEACAM1 and cancer: The bacterium also aids neoplastic transformation via obstruction of anti-tumorigenic immunity by recruiting lymphocytes that infiltrate the tumor as well as activating immune checkpoints such as the T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), which aid in the inhibition of apoptosis (235–238). Generation of optimum microenvironment and activation of β-catenin signaling are some mechanisms by which F. nucleatum is involved in cancer progression (239–241).