TNF and osteoporosis: GO enrichment analysis showed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in the negative regulation of biological processes, MSC migration, mitotic cell cycle phase change, and osteoclast maturation, which indicated that osteoblasts were prone to osteoporosis progression under weightless condition; enrichment analysis of KEGG signal pathway revealed that the upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine interactions, TNF signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway.