PPARA and cardiac hypertrophy: The decline of protein expression and transcriptional activity of cardiac PPARα is widely observed in cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac hypertrophy is enhanced in response to chronic pressure overload in mice of PPARα knockout (Smeets et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2021); moreover, PPARα agonists can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy (Kar and Bandyopadhyay, 2018; Zeng et al., 2018; Dhyani et al., 2019).