Cancerous cells secret an excess of pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), which over-stimulate angiogenesis within the tumour, leading to exponential tumour growth and metastasis due to the continuous supply of blood and nutrients into the cancer mass (Lugano et al. 2020). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.