TGFB1 and neoplasm: exposed purified naïve conventional CD4+ T cells (CD4+25-CD45RA+) from healthy donor PBMCs to supernatant from CAFs from Treg-high lung tumours and did see a significant increase in FOXP3+ cells compared to supernatant from CAFs from Treg-low tumours that was mirrored by treatment with TGF-β suggesting true induction of Tregs via CAF secreted TGF-β (28).