Our findings of reduced activated T cell numbers in TNFR1/2-/- mice suggest a role of TNF-α signaling in promoting T cell activation following infection (Figure 4), since both TNFR1 and TNFR2 were essential for T cell activation and IFN-γ production in vivo (Figures 7E, 8). Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to infection.