WNT5A and rheumatoid arthritis: Wnt5a was first identified as a target candidate for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases based on findings that its serum levels were significantly increased in patients with severe sepsis or rheumatoid arthritis [13, 14] and that Wnt5a/FZD-5/CaMKII and Wnt5a/PCP/JNK signaling pathways were essential for activating inflammatory signals in macrophages [6, 13].