A growing body of evidence suggests that CXCR2 inhibition may be therapeutically beneficial in many human cancers including; pancreatic, lung, ovarian, prostate, colon and now the liver.26–30 60 Furthermore, in genetic murine models of lung cancer, inhibition of CXCR1 and 2 receptors in combination with anti-PD1 amplified anti-tumour responses.61 62 The proposed mechanism of action, until now, however, was thought to rely on reprogramming of the tumour immune microenvironment, primarily as a result of impaired myeloid recruitment. Here, CXCR1 is linked to lung carcinoma.