,16 Indeed, while the aberrant glial cells’ activation, T cell infiltration, and the resulting release of pro-inflammatory molecules drive neurodegeneration, successful axon and muscle regeneration depends on the coordinated efforts of immune cells that, besides removing cellular debris, release factors that support wound healing.17, 18, 19, 20 This may explain the association between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) inflammation and the longer disease duration recently observed in ALS patients with SOD1 mutation.21 This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.