INS and diabetes mellitus: The significant joint effects included sleep duration of more or less than 7 h with age ≥ 65 years [adjusted HRs: 4.00 (3.49–4.60)], diabetes duration ≥ 5 years [1.60 (1.40–1.84)], age at diabetes diagnosis ≤ 45 years [1.69 (1.38–2.07)], insulin use [1.76 (1.54–2.03)], systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure > 130/85 mmHg [1.24 (1.07–1.43)], triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL [1.38 (1.22–1.56)], HbA1c ≥ 7% [1.31 (1.13–1.52)], and body mass index < 27 kg/m2 [1.31 (1.17–1.45)] for all-cause mortality.