RAF1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: We found that ALDH2 regulated the RAF/MAPK signaling pathway which is involved in many malignant phenotypes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity [43].Our study demonstrated the efficacy of PTX was decreased when KRAS and RAF1 were overexpressed in ALDH2 knockdown NSCLC/PTX cells, and the effect was similar to that observed when ALDH2 expression was rescued, which established the relationships between the RAS/RAF pathway and ALDH2 in tumors.