RIGI and infection: Furthermore, after infection with IAV and SARS-CoV-2, RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, TLR7, and other PRRs in the host can effectively recognize vRNAs of both viruses and activate transcription factors, including NF-κB, IRF3 and IRF7, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway to initiate the innate immune responses [71].