Regarding the pathobiology of OM, free radicals activated by CTx and RT are reportedly responsible for the upregulation of certain genes via the NF-κB pathway, leading to the excessive production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [9]. Here, TNF is linked to ocular melanoma.