VHL and neoplasm: Under normal conditions, pVHL is ubiquitously expressed in normal human tissue (F. M. Richards et al., 1996); in tissues with two “hits,” the deficiency in pVHL results in the overexpression of HIF‐α, leading to unregulated angiogenesis and highly vascularized tumor development (Knudson, 1971; Maxwell et al., 1999).