RIPK2 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: Yan et al. [23] found that a high mRNA abundance of RIPK2 was significantly associated with poorer progression-free and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer patients; these researchers also found that RIPK2 is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in many other cancer types, and its mRNA overexpression was significantly associated with shortened overall survival in kidney papillary cell carcinoma, kidney clear cell carcinoma, kidney chromophobe, thyroid cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, uveal melanoma and thymoma.