The Aβ42, Aβ42/40, Tau, P‐T181‐tau, and miR‐384 levels in NCAM single‐labeled and NCAM/ABCA1 double‐labeled exosomes of the aMCI and AD groups were significantly higher than those of the SCD, control, and vascular dementia (VaD) groups (all p < 0.05). The gene discussed is ABCA1; the disease is Schnyder corneal dystrophy.