MT-ND1 and diabetes mellitus: Several genetic mutations in ND1 have been reported in humans and are associated with diseases, including Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome, diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent, mitochondrial complex I deficiency, and Alzheimer’s disease (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P03886).