The combination of chronic cocaine addiction and HI conditions proposes the indication of angiogenesis since angiogenesis-related genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf)53, transforming growth factor-beta (Tgfb)54, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf1b)55, platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgfr)56 and fibro blast growth factor (Fgf and Fgfr)57, showed significant upregulation started mid-period in many areas of the brain (Fig. 5). Here, TNFRSF1B is linked to cocaine dependence.