Among these cocaine addiction-related genes, the cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) has many subfamilies, such as Creb1,2, OASIS family (Creb3, Creb3L1, Creb3L2, Creb3L4, Creb4) and Creb5, and plays a pivotal role not only in the regulation of the rewarding effects of cocaine23 but also in protecting against oxidative stress24. Here, CREB3L4 is linked to cocaine dependence.