In 2021, Rajabzadeh et al. generated second-generation nanobody-based MUC1-redirected CAR-Ts using camelid-derived anti-MUC1 nanobodies and reported that these cells demonstrated target antigen-dependent IL-2, TNFα, and IFN-γ secretion and antitumor activity against MUC1-expressing cancer cell lines including T47D and MCF-7 [102]. Here, MUC1 is linked to cancer.