INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes (T1D), one of the most common metabolic disorders in children and young adults, is a multifactorial, immune-mediated disease that is characterized by the progressive destruction of autologous insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, and an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia Barkabi-Zanjani et al. 2020; Mariño et al. 2017; Gülden et al. 2015).