Similar to the analysis of CD4+ T cells, we found that the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells from the lung granulomas of SIV+ animals who did not control virus replication (SIV+ viral non-controllers) was significantly lower than either the SIV+ viral controllers or the TB-only (SIV-naive) animals (Fig. 3D). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.