Regarding the relationship between TOB1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, Zhang et al. found that knocking out TOB1 gene in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell MCF-7 can activate a downstream target of ERBB2 signaling, and ultimately, estrogen-independent cells are more sensitive to AKT and mTOR inhibitors [50]. Here, TOB1 is linked to breast carcinoma.