For example, the discoveries that narcolepsy results from loss of signaling by the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999), and that hypocretin/orexin signaling is arousing (Adamantidis et al., 2007), led to the development of hypocretin/orexin receptor antagonists as an effective treatment for insomnia (Sun et al., 2021). The gene discussed is HCRT; the disease is narcolepsy.