Abnormal neovascularization in the choroid layer and retinal layer of the eye is often found in patients with AMD and DR, which are the leading causes of blindness in the U.S. Several treatment techniques, such as anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser photocoagulation therapy (LPT), have been developed to remove the abnormal micro-blood vessels at the bottom of the eye to prevent blindness.57–60. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration.