Paraspeckle formation, not observed in healthy spinal motor neurons, is enhanced in spinal cords of patients with early stage sporadic and familial ALS, and mutations in many paraspeckle proteins (e.g., TDP-43, FUS, NONO, SFPQ) are associated with ALS (Nishimoto et al., 2013; Shelkovnikova et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.