TNF and cancer: Moreover, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) induces the formation of migrasomes in human coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) [8], parenchymal migrasomes were formed during ischemic brain injury [9], the podocyte-released migrasomes in urine are indicators for early podocyte injury [10], and migrasomes can also modulate cancer cell proliferation via lateral transferring mRNA and protein in vitro [2].