Another important discovery suggested that the differentiation and function of adaptive NK cells can be independent of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), which frequently undergoes somatic X-linked PIGA mutations that lead to a lack of GPI anchored membrane proteins on hematopoietic cells (70). Here, PIGA is linked to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.