VEGFA and COVID-19: In addition, overexpression and high levels of pro-angiogenic factors (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamilies 1a and 12, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)) have been found in both living and dead COVID-19 patients (103).