The upregulated genes associated strongly with microglial activation and included antigen presentation genes (Tap1, B2m) (47–49) and activation genes (Ccl12, IL-34 and Icam1) (50–52) that occur in neurodegenerative disease, brain injury and viral infection, and are NF-κB regulated. The gene discussed is TAP1; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.