Considered together with the analyses of receptor expression on glioblastoma T cells, these data implicate the CCR2-CCL2, CCR5-CCL3/4/5, CXCR3-CXCL9, CXCR4-CXCL12 and CXCR6-CXCL16 chemokine axes in T-cell infiltration and/or retention in glioblastoma. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is glioblastoma.