Of the CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9 was detected in the majority of dissociated tumour specimens but was below the level of detection in all GNS cell cultures analysed (Figure 6E), CXCL10 was largely absent from dissociated tumour specimens, but highly expressed by few GNS cell samples (Figure 6F), and CXCL11 was below the lower limit of detection in all samples (Figure 6G). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL11 and neoplasm.