TLR4 and Immunodeficiency: Studies showed that the Toll, immune deficiency (Imd), and the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways are the most characterized in insects, and their activation results in the production of effector molecules such as AMPs with the potential to kill insect invaders (8–12) (Section 2; Figure 1).