Table 1 summarizes the major AMPs. These peptides play an essential role in host immunity and protect them from infection (22). Dairy is a rich source of AMPs; many peptides have been identified from casein, lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin, among them is lactoferrecin, considered the most common peptide found in milk (23). Some of these AMPs such as indolicidin have been approved to be used in the treatment of bovine mastitis (24), while the majority of AMPs are still in preclinical studies. The gene discussed is ADSL; the disease is infection.