• Compared to those without AKI, those with AKI had higher max NGAL     • AKI: 985 ng/mL (95% CI 452, 1,398)     • No AKI: 458 ng/mL (95% CI 210, 587)     • For every 100 ng/mL rise in NGAL, the odds of AKI increased by 20%     ° OR 1.2 (1.0–1.6), p < 0.01     ° AUC 0.80     • Combining NGAL and OPN improved ability to detect AKI     ° AUC 0.90 • No difference in NGAL concentrations between survivors and non-survivors. Here, SPP1 is linked to acute kidney injury.