Compared with healthy controls, IL-6 and IL-18 in the plasm were increased in the JE patients, while the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17 were lower in the JE patients as well as a series of chemokines such as MCP-1, CTACK, eotaxin, and GRO-a and growth factors PDGF-BB, SCF, and SDF-1a. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Japanese encephalitis.