The level of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-16, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, SCF, SDF-1a, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) was much lower in JE mild or severe patients than in healthy people and there was no significant difference between mild and severe sufferers. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and Japanese encephalitis.