TNF and alcohol abuse: Although the precise mechanism(s) of these changes following alcohol abuse is not well elucidated, it appears that following mucosal damage and increasing gut permeability, bacterial products translocation into the portal blood could be responsible for alcohol-induced liver damage by inducing the release of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), chemokines, leukotrienes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing inflammatory responses and fibrosis in the liver, and other body organs (129, 130).