For depression, 38 established disease-associated genes reached gene-wide significance (P < 0.05/17,982 = 2.78E − 6, Bonferroni corrected for the number of genes), such as DRD2, ERBB4, HSPA1A, and RERE, while 62 additional risk genes were newly discovered, for instance, ACVR1B, METTL9, MTCH2, and ZNF165 (Table S2). Here, HSPA1A is linked to depressive disorder.