For depression, 38 established disease-associated genes reached gene-wide significance (P < 0.05/17,982 = 2.78E − 6, Bonferroni corrected for the number of genes), such as DRD2, ERBB4, HSPA1A, and RERE, while 62 additional risk genes were newly discovered, for instance, ACVR1B, METTL9, MTCH2, and ZNF165 (Table S2). Here, ACVR1B is linked to depressive symptom measurement.