Recently, various cytokine level abnormalities have been found in serum and affected lung tissue in SSc-ILD patients, such as TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-6, and these cytokines are thought to promote fibroblast activation and EMT, which plays a key role in the occurrence of SSc-ILD inflammation and fibrosis [28]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis.